Monday, April 19, 2010

WARNING: Dry Political Information

Moroccan constitution:

Chapter 1
a constitutional monarchy, in which "Sovereignty will be that of the people who exercise it directly" but the politiacal parties (there are 9 leftist parties, 4 rightist parties, and 7 central parties) will be
representative of the people, and all Moroccan citizens will be held equal under the eyes of the state. It is an Islamic state, but
citizens will be permitted freedom of worship, and citizens are also entitled to freedom of opinion, and "its expression in all forms." Moroccans
are also entitled to free movement and settlement throughout the state. Men and women are guaranteed equal political, educational, and employmental freedom.
The home is "inviolable" and "secrecy of personal contact shall be preserved."

Chapter 2 - monarchy
The Moroccan Crown and the constitutional rights thereof shall be heriditary and
handed down, from father to son, to descendants in direct male line and by order of
primogeniture among the offspring of His Majesty King Hassan II, unless the King should,
during his lifetime, designate a successor among his sons apart from the eldest one. In case of
failing descendants in direct male line, the right of succession to the Throne shall, under the
same conditions, be invested in the closest male in the collateral consanguinity.
King is a minor until he turns 16; a regency council of other governmental leaders has some of his powers,
and continues to advise him until he turns 20.
"The person of the King will be sacred and inviolable."
King can declare the country in a state of emergency, and thus take over on ALL ruling decisions, including dissolving
one or both branches of parliament.

Chapter 3 - parliament
Two houses: House of Representatives, and House of Councillors
House of Representatives - elected by direct universal suffrage for a 6 year term, during October 5 years after previous election.
House of Councillors - elected by an electoral college. 3/5 by region, 2/5 by a nationally elected electoral college. 9 year term, 1/3 of Councillors
replaced every three years, elections held in October
Parliament members are protected from prosecution due to the opinions they express, unless they are detrimental to Islam or the respect owed to the King.
Parliament meets twice a year: On the second Friday in October, and second friday in April. Meetings last less than 3 months.
It's their job to deal with most of the little legal matters that haven't been solved at the police station, but aren't big enough to take to the king
They also have the power to propose new laws, which must make it past the king (and absolute majority of each of both Houses)

Chapter 4 - the government
Govenment composed of prime minister and other ministers, and must answer to both houses and the king. They also ensure execution of laws, and
may propose new bills. Prime Minister is chosen by king.

Chapter 5 - relations among branches
Each house can vote bills down.

Chapter 6 - the Constitutional Council
Composed of 6 people chosen by the king who serve for 9 years, 3 chosen by President of the House of Representatives, and 3 chosen by the Preseident
of the House of Councillors.
The King chooses the chairman.
They deal with all the organic laws, including approving bills to be voted on to become laws, and decisions regarding the maintenence of current laws.

Chapter 7 - the Judiciary
Separate from legislative and executive branches, but all sentences shall be passed and executed in the King's name.
The 10 Magistrates are appointed by royal decree, are irremovable, and are presided over by the king.

Chapter 8 - the High Court of Justice
Government members are responsible for their actions, including felonies, commited while in service.

Chapter 9 - There is an economic and \Social Council.

Chapter 10 - the Audit Court
Supervises legality of the budget. Reports directly to the King.

Chapter 11 - Local Government
Broken down into Regions, Prefectures, Provinces, and Communes. Local assemblies shall be elected. Governors shall be elected. They are responsible
for law enforcement and implementation, and local management.

Chapter 12 - Revising the Constitution requires particular combos of proposals and approval, a bit from each branch

Chapter 13 - Special Provisions
There were only two articles here, clearly add-ons that the original authors thought should be obvious. When parliament members are lame duck, they
still have to do the work, and the past Constitutional Council rulings do not give the current constitutional council the right to do anything
not in accord ith this Constitution.

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